方法对比

	病例系列	队列研究
领域	流行病学	流行病学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Longstanding; systematized in 20th century clinical research	Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s)
提出者	Historical clinical practice; formalized in modern evidence-based medicine literature	Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854)
类型	Observational descriptive study	Observational longitudinal study design
开创性文献	Case series. Wikipedia.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
别名	case series report, clinical case series, consecutive case series, patient series	longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study
相关	5	6
摘要	A case series is a descriptive observational study that documents the characteristics, clinical course, and outcomes of a group of patients who share a common condition, exposure, or intervention. Unlike case reports, which focus on a single patient, a case series aggregates data across multiple patients (typically three or more) to identify patterns, generate hypotheses, and characterize rare or novel conditions — without a concurrent control group.	A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome.