方法对比

	以案例为中心混合方法设计	多层次混合方法设计
领域	研究设计	研究设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2000s–2010s	Late 1990s–2000s
提出者	Creswell & Plano Clark; draws on Yin's case study framework	Bonnie Nastasi, John Hitchcock, and collaborators; systematized by Creswell & Plano Clark
类型	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
开创性文献	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483358857	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483357829
别名	case-study mixed methods, embedded case mixed methods, case-oriented mixed design, CFMMD	multilevel MMR, nested mixed methods, hierarchical mixed methods design, cross-level mixed methods
相关	6	5
摘要	Case-focused mixed methods design integrates qualitative and quantitative data-collection strands within one or more bounded cases — specific settings, organizations, programs, or individuals. The design harnesses the contextual depth of case study methodology alongside the corroborative or complementary power of mixed data types, enabling researchers to build rich, multi-faceted accounts of complex phenomena situated in real-world contexts.	Multilevel mixed methods design is a research approach that collects and integrates both quantitative and qualitative data at two or more distinct levels of a social or organizational hierarchy — for example, individuals nested within classrooms, classrooms within schools, or patients within healthcare teams. By pairing quantitative measurement of outcomes at one level with qualitative exploration of meaning at another, researchers gain a richer, more complete picture than either strand alone could provide.