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| 病例对照研究设计× | 横断面研究设计× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 临床研究 | 临床研究 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份 | 1950s-1970s | 1950s-1970s |
| 提出者≠ | Jerome L. Schlesselman, Brian MacMahon, Thomas Pugh | Epidemiologists in the mid-20th century; formalized by Kelsey, Rothman, and others |
| 类型 | Research Design | Research Design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Schlesselman, J. J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027815 | Kelsey, J. L., Whittemore, A. S., Evans, A. S., & Thompson, W. D. (1996). Methods in Observational Epidemiology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195083299 |
| 别名 | case-control study, retrospective study, matched case-control, nested case-control | prevalence study, cross-sectional survey, snapshot study, survey design |
| 相关 | 2 | 2 |
| 摘要≠ | A case-control study identifies individuals with a disease or outcome (cases) and a comparison group without the outcome (controls), then measures prior exposure retrospectively. Developed in the 1950s–1970s by epidemiologists like Schlesselman and MacMahon, case-control studies are especially efficient for rare diseases, as they sample cases enriched for the outcome, avoiding the need for enormous cohorts. They are a mainstay of clinical epidemiology, observational research, and outbreak investigations. | A cross-sectional study (or prevalence study) measures exposure and outcome simultaneously at a single point in time, producing a 'snapshot' of a population. Respondents are recruited and surveyed (or examined) on the same occasion, capturing current prevalence of both exposure and disease. Cross-sectional studies are simple, quick, and inexpensive, making them popular for needs assessments, surveillance, and generating hypotheses—though they cannot establish causality due to lack of temporal sequence. |
| ScholarGate数据集 ↗ |
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