方法对比

	碳核算	生命周期评价（LCA）	LMDI分解
领域	可持续性	可持续性	可持续性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Regression model
起源年份	2004	2009	2005
提出者	WRI/WBCSD Greenhouse Gas Protocol	ISO 14040 framework; Finnveden et al.	B. W. Ang
类型	Process pipeline / Environmental accounting	Environmental impact accounting pipeline	Index-based factor decomposition
开创性文献	World Resources Institute & WBCSD (2004). The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard (Revised ed.). ISBN: 978-1-56973-568-8	Finnveden, G., et al. (2009). Recent developments in life cycle assessment. Journal of Environmental Management, 91(1), 1–21.	Ang, B. W. (2005). The LMDI approach to decomposition analysis: a practical guide. Energy Policy, 33(7), 867–871.
别名	GHG Accounting, Greenhouse Gas Accounting, Corporate Carbon Footprinting, Karbon Muhasebesi	Life Cycle Analysis, Cradle-to-Grave Analysis, Ecobalance, Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi	Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index, LMDI-I Additive Decomposition, LMDI-II Multiplicative Decomposition, Logaritmik Ortalama Divisia İndeksi
相关	3	3	2
摘要	Carbon accounting is a systematic process-pipeline method for identifying, quantifying, and reporting an organization's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in CO₂-equivalent units. Codified by the WRI/WBCSD Greenhouse Gas Protocol in 2004, it is used by corporations, governments, and NGOs to measure their climate impact, set reduction targets, comply with regulatory disclosure requirements, and track progress toward net-zero commitments.	Life Cycle Assessment is a systematic, ISO-standardized methodology for quantifying the environmental impacts of a product, process, or service across its entire life span — from raw material extraction through production, use, and end-of-life disposal. Codified in ISO 14040 and ISO 14044, and comprehensively reviewed by Finnveden et al. (2009), LCA enables decision-makers to compare alternatives, identify environmental hotspots, and support eco-design, with applications spanning products, buildings, energy systems, and public policy.	Log-Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) Decomposition is a quantitative technique for attributing changes in an aggregate indicator — most commonly energy consumption or CO₂ emissions — to its underlying driving factors, such as activity level, structural mix, and intensity. Introduced in its definitive practical form by B. W. Ang in 2005, LMDI builds on Divisia index theory and uses the logarithmic mean as a weighting function to achieve a mathematically perfect, residual-free decomposition.