方法对比

	Capability Approach Measurement	Multidimensional Poverty Index
领域	Development Studies	经济学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1999	2011
提出者	Amartya Sen; Martha Nussbaum	Sabina Alkire & James Foster
类型	Normative framework for evaluating well-being and development	Counting-based multidimensional poverty measure
开创性文献	Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford University Press, Oxford. ISBN: 9780385720274	Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 476–487.
别名	Capability Approach, Sen's Capability Approach, Functionings and Capabilities Measurement, Human Capability Framework	MPI, Alkire-Foster Method, Adjusted Headcount Ratio, Dual-Cutoff Multidimensional Poverty
相关	4	3
摘要	The capability approach, developed by Amartya Sen and given a concrete list-based form by Martha Nussbaum, evaluates individual well-being and social arrangements in the space of capabilities — the real freedoms people have to achieve the kinds of lives they have reason to value — rather than in the space of income, resources, or subjective utility. Measurement under the approach means identifying valued functionings, the resources and conversion factors that turn resources into functionings, and the freedom people enjoy to choose among them.	The Multidimensional Poverty Index applies the Alkire-Foster method, introduced by Sabina Alkire and James Foster in 2011, to measure poverty as the joint deprivation of individuals across several dimensions such as health, education, and living standards. Its signature is a dual-cutoff identification: a person is deprived in an indicator if they fall below that indicator's cutoff, and they are counted as multidimensionally poor only if their weighted count of deprivations crosses a cross-dimensional cutoff k. The headline measure is the adjusted headcount ratio M0 = H times A, the product of the share of people who are poor (incidence) and the average breadth of their deprivations (intensity).