方法对比

	Candidate Evaluation Model	党派认同量表
领域	政治心理学	政治心理学
方法族	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1995	1960
提出者	Milton Lodge, Marco Steenbergen & Donald Kinder	Angus Campbell et al.
类型	Latent evaluation model	Self-report
开创性文献	Lodge, M., Steenbergen, M. R., & Brau, S. (1995). The responsive voter: Campaign information and the dynamics of candidate evaluation. American Political Science Review, 89(2), 309-326.	Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1960). The American voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
别名	Impression-Driven Evaluation Model, Online Processing Model, Candidate Trait Evaluation Model	PAS, Party Identification, Partisan Strength
相关	4	3
摘要	A candidate evaluation model represents how voters form overall assessments of political candidates as a latent function of perceived traits (competence, leadership, integrity, empathy), partisanship, issue proximity, and affect. It spans the trait-based factor models of Kinder et al. (1980) and the online-processing tally model of Lodge, Steenbergen and Brau (1995), which describes evaluation as a running summary updated as information arrives.	The Partisan Identity Scale measures strength and direction of psychological attachment to a political party, encompassing both party preference and emotional party identification. Foundational since Campbell et al.'s American Voter (1960), the measure distinguishes party affiliation (which party one is registered with) from party identification (psychological identity with a party as a social group). Partisan identity is among the strongest predictors of voting behavior, political attitudes, and interpretation of political information, functioning as a 'perceptual filter' through which voters process news.