方法对比

	Candidate Evaluation Model	Emotion Appraisal in Politics
领域	政治心理学	政治心理学
方法族	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1995	2000
提出者	Milton Lodge, Marco Steenbergen & Donald Kinder	George Marcus, Russell Neuman & Michael MacKuen; Ted Brader
类型	Latent evaluation model	Survey/lab experiment
开创性文献	Lodge, M., Steenbergen, M. R., & Brau, S. (1995). The responsive voter: Campaign information and the dynamics of candidate evaluation. American Political Science Review, 89(2), 309-326.	Marcus, G. E., Neuman, W. R., & MacKuen, M. (2000). Affective intelligence and political judgment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 9780226504698
别名	Impression-Driven Evaluation Model, Online Processing Model, Candidate Trait Evaluation Model	Affective Intelligence Experiment, Political Emotion Appraisal Study, Discrete Emotions Politics Measure
相关	4	4
摘要	A candidate evaluation model represents how voters form overall assessments of political candidates as a latent function of perceived traits (competence, leadership, integrity, empathy), partisanship, issue proximity, and affect. It spans the trait-based factor models of Kinder et al. (1980) and the online-processing tally model of Lodge, Steenbergen and Brau (1995), which describes evaluation as a running summary updated as information arrives.	Emotion appraisal in politics studies how distinct emotions, anxiety, anger, enthusiasm, and others, arise from cognitive appraisals of political events and in turn shape attention, information seeking, persuasion, and participation. It combines appraisal theory with affective intelligence theory (Marcus, Neuman and MacKuen, 2000) and Brader's (2006) work on emotional campaign appeals, typically measured through experiments and surveys that elicit and analyze discrete emotional responses.