方法对比

	Bureaucratic Reputation Analysis	New Public Management Assessment
领域	Public Administration	Public Administration
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2001	1991
提出者	Daniel P. Carpenter	Christopher Hood
类型	Theoretical analytical framework	Analytical assessment framework
开创性文献	Carpenter, D. P. (2001). The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputations, Networks, and Policy Innovation in Executive Agencies, 1862–1928. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9780691070100	Hood, C. (1991). A Public Management for All Seasons? Public Administration, 69(1), 3–19.
别名	Agency Reputation Analysis, Reputational Theory of Bureaucracy, Organizational Reputation Analysis, Carpenter Reputation Framework	NPM Assessment, Managerialism Assessment, Public Management Reform Analysis, Hood NPM Doctrine Analysis
相关	4	4
摘要	Bureaucratic reputation analysis is an analytical framework for explaining the behaviour, power and autonomy of public agencies through the lens of their reputation — the set of symbolic beliefs about an agency's capacities, intentions and history held by its many audiences. Developed by Daniel Carpenter, notably in his 2001 study of how U.S. executive agencies forged autonomy, and elaborated with George Krause, the framework treats reputation as a strategic asset that agencies cultivate and protect. It distinguishes performative, moral, technical and procedural dimensions of reputation and traces how reputational concerns drive what agencies do.	New Public Management (NPM) assessment evaluates how far a public organisation or system has adopted the cluster of managerial reform doctrines that swept the public sector from the 1980s — and with what effects. Christopher Hood's 1991 article A Public Management for All Seasons? gave NPM its name and identified its core doctrines: hands-on professional management, explicit performance standards, output controls, disaggregation into units, competition, private-sector management styles, and discipline in resource use. The assessment scores adoption of these doctrines, evaluates their effects, and appraises the trade-offs against enduring public-service values such as equity and accountability.