方法对比

	整体空气动力学通量	涡动相关法	莫宁-奥布霍夫相似理论
领域	气象学	气象学	气象学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1981	1951	1954
提出者	Large and Pond	Swinbank	Monin and Obukhov
类型	Surface flux estimation method	Micrometeorological flux measurement	Similarity scaling framework
开创性文献	Large, W. G., & Pond, S. (1981). Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 11(3), 324-336.	Baldocchi, D. (2003). Assessing the eddy covariance technique for evaluating carbon dioxide fluxes of ecosystems: past, present and future. Global Change Biology, 9(4), 479-492.	Monin, A. S., & Obukhov, A. M. (1954). Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the ground layer of the atmosphere. Tr. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 24, 163-187.
别名	Bulk aerodynamic approach, Bulk flux parametrization, Aerodynamic bulk method	Eddy covariance, EC flux, Eddy correlation, Direct flux measurement	Monin-Obukhov, Similarity theory, Monin-Obukhov length scale
相关	3	3	3
摘要	The bulk aerodynamic method estimates surface energy and momentum fluxes from standard meteorological observations. Rather than measuring turbulent fluxes directly, it parameterizes them using measurements of wind speed, temperature, and moisture at a reference height (typically 10 m) and surface conditions, multiplied by empirically derived drag and transfer coefficients.	The eddy covariance method is a direct, micrometeorological technique that measures turbulent fluxes of momentum, heat, water vapor, and CO2 by computing the covariance between high-frequency fluctuations of wind velocity and scalar properties (temperature, humidity, concentration). It is the gold standard for measuring ecosystem-atmosphere exchanges and validating model parameterizations.	Monin-Obukhov similarity theory is a fundamental framework in boundary layer meteorology that describes how wind speed, temperature, and humidity vary with height near the surface. Published in 1954, it shows that normalized vertical profiles depend on a single dimensionless parameter—the Monin-Obukhov stability parameter—which quantifies the balance between mechanical turbulence and buoyant convection.