方法对比

	Brokerage Analysis	Positional Analysis
领域	Sociology	Sociology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1989	1976
提出者	Roger Gould & Roberto Fernandez	Harrison White, Ronald Burt, and colleagues
类型	Classification of intermediary positions in a network	Framework for identifying network positions and the roles among them
开创性文献	Gould, R. V., & Fernandez, R. M. (1989). Structures of mediation: A formal approach to brokerage in transaction networks. Sociological Methodology, 19, 89–126.	Burt, R. S. (1976). Positions in networks. Social Forces, 55(1), 93–122.
别名	Gould-Fernandez brokerage, brokerage roles, brokerage typology, structures of mediation	role analysis, positional role analysis, network role and position analysis, regular equivalence analysis
相关	5	5
摘要	Gould-Fernandez brokerage analysis classifies the intermediary positions actors occupy in a network. For every two-path in which an actor v sits between a source i and a target j, the analysis labels v's role according to the group memberships of the three actors, yielding five distinct brokerage types — coordinator, itinerant broker (consultant), gatekeeper, representative, and liaison. Counting how often each actor plays each role reveals who mediates within groups, who controls access across group boundaries, and who bridges otherwise separate communities.	Positional analysis is the network-analytic program that identifies the positions actors occupy — sets of actors equivalent in their relational patterns — and characterizes the system of roles that links those positions. Growing out of Harrison White's structuralism and Ronald Burt's operationalization in the 1970s, it treats the social structure as a small set of positions and the role relations among them, rather than as a collection of individual actors.