方法对比

	分块随机对照试验	随机对照试验 (RCT)
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1920s (Fisher's blocking principle); applied to RCTs from the 1940s onward	1948
提出者	R. A. Fisher (blocking principle); systematic RCT application by Bradford Hill and later Pocock, Friedman et al.	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
类型	Experimental design	Interventional comparative study
开创性文献	Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2010). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (4th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-1441915856	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
别名	blocked RCT, block-randomized trial, stratified block randomization trial, permuted block randomization	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
相关	5	7
摘要	A blocked randomized controlled trial (blocked RCT) uses permuted-block randomization to ensure that treatment groups remain balanced in size — and optionally in key characteristics — throughout recruitment. Within each block of fixed or randomly varied size, all treatment allocations are present in equal numbers, so imbalance cannot accumulate even if the trial is stopped early. This makes blocked RCTs the standard randomization approach in clinical and behavioral intervention research.	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).