方法对比

	分层析因试验设计	前测-后测实验设计
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1935 (blocking, Fisher); 1963 (pretest-posttest + blocking synthesis, Campbell & Stanley)	1963 (formalized in Campbell & Stanley)
提出者	Donald T. Campbell & Julian C. Stanley (systematized); blocking technique from Ronald A. Fisher	Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley
类型	Experimental design	Experimental / quasi-experimental research design
开创性文献	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.
别名	blocked pre-post design, RBPP design, block-randomized pretest-posttest design, randomized block pre-post control group design	pretest-posttest design, before-after design, pre-post design, two-wave experimental design
相关	6	5
摘要	The blocked pretest-posttest experimental design combines blocking — grouping participants into homogeneous strata before randomization — with pre- and post-intervention measurement. Blocking controls for known sources of variability (e.g., baseline ability, gender, site), while the pretest-posttest structure quantifies change scores directly. Together, they reduce error variance and increase statistical power compared to a simple pretest-posttest design, making this approach well suited to educational, clinical, and behavioral intervention studies.	The pretest-posttest experimental design measures participants on the outcome variable before and after treatment, typically with random assignment to treatment and control groups. The difference between pre- and post-scores isolates the treatment effect from baseline variation, making this one of the most widely used frameworks in experimental and quasi-experimental research across education, psychology, medicine, and the social sciences.