方法对比

	分层析因试验设计	析因实验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1935 (blocking, Fisher); 1963 (pretest-posttest + blocking synthesis, Campbell & Stanley)	1926–1935
提出者	Donald T. Campbell & Julian C. Stanley (systematized); blocking technique from Ronald A. Fisher	Ronald A. Fisher
类型	Experimental design	Quantitative experimental design
开创性文献	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver and Boyd.
别名	blocked pre-post design, RBPP design, block-randomized pretest-posttest design, randomized block pre-post control group design	factorial design, factorial ANOVA design, multi-factor experiment, crossed-factor design
相关	6	6
摘要	The blocked pretest-posttest experimental design combines blocking — grouping participants into homogeneous strata before randomization — with pre- and post-intervention measurement. Blocking controls for known sources of variability (e.g., baseline ability, gender, site), while the pretest-posttest structure quantifies change scores directly. Together, they reduce error variance and increase statistical power compared to a simple pretest-posttest design, making this approach well suited to educational, clinical, and behavioral intervention studies.	A factorial experiment is an experimental design in which two or more independent variables (factors) are manipulated simultaneously, and every combination of their levels is tested. Introduced by Ronald Fisher in the 1920s–1930s, it is the standard approach whenever a researcher needs to detect not only the main effect of each factor but also whether the effect of one factor depends on the level of another — the interaction effect.