方法对比

	BEM 声学	声全息	声学掩蔽
领域	声学	声学	声学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1971	1985	1961
提出者	Carlos Brebbia, Robert Butterfield	James Maynard, Earl Williams, Yongjian Lee	Eberhard Zwicker
类型	Computational simulation for acoustics	Sound field reconstruction method	Perceptual model for audio systems
开创性文献	Burton, A. J., & Miller, G. F. (1971). The application of integral equation methods to the numerical solution of some exterior boundary-value problems. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 323(1553), 201–210.	Maynard, J. D., Williams, E. G., & Lee, Y. (1985). Near-field acoustic holography: I. Theory of generalized holography and the development of NAH. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 78(4), 1395–1413.	Zwicker, E., & Scharf, B. (1965). Psychoacoustics: Facts and Models. Springer-Verlag. ISBN: 978-3540631644
别名	BEM, boundary element method, indirect BEM, direct BEM	NAH, near-field acoustics, sound field mapping, acoustic imaging	masking, temporal masking, frequency masking, auditory masking
相关	5	5	5
摘要	The Boundary Element Method (BEM) is a numerical technique for solving acoustic wave equations in complex geometries. Unlike finite element methods (FEM) that mesh entire volumes, BEM discretizes only the acoustic boundaries (surfaces), reducing computational cost and memory. First applied to acoustics by Burton and Miller in 1971, BEM is widely used for predicting room acoustics, exterior noise radiation, and acoustic scattering without the need for volumetric meshing.	Near-Field Acoustic Holography (NAH) is a technique for reconstructing 3D acoustic sound fields and visualizing sound radiation from sources by measuring pressure at a dense microphone array in the near field. Pioneered by Maynard, Williams, and Lee in 1985, NAH extends holographic principles from optics to acoustics, enabling detailed acoustic source characterization, noise source identification, and acoustic field visualization that is impossible with conventional single-point or line-array methods.	Psychoacoustic masking describes how the human auditory system suppresses the perception of weak sounds in the presence of stronger sounds. Formalized by Eberhard Zwicker in the 1960s, masking is a fundamental phenomenon in hearing and the basis for perceptual audio coding (MP3, AAC, OPUS). Masking occurs both in frequency (spectral masking) and time (temporal masking), and understanding these effects enables efficient audio compression and realistic sound design.