方法对比

	Behavioral Mapping	Walkability Index
领域	Urban Studies	Urban Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1980	2010
提出者	William H. Whyte; Jan Gehl	Lawrence Frank and colleagues
类型	Systematic spatial observation of how people occupy and move through public space	Composite neighbourhood index of how supportive the built environment is of walking
开创性文献	Whyte, W. H. (1980). The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. Conservation Foundation. ISBN: 9780891640578	Frank, L. D., Sallis, J. F., Saelens, B. E., Leary, L., Cain, K., Conway, T. L., & Hess, P. M. (2010). The development of a walkability index: Application to the Neighborhood Quality of Life Study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(13), 924–933.
别名	Place-Centered Mapping, Individual-Centered Mapping, Public Life Observation, Spatial Behavior Mapping	Frank Walkability Index, Walk Score, Neighborhood Walkability Index, Pedestrian Environment Index
相关	4	4
摘要	Behavioral mapping is the systematic, time-sampled observation of how people actually occupy and move through a public space, recorded directly onto a plan of the site. Developed in the urban context by William H. Whyte's filmed studies of New York plazas and formalized into a public-life methodology by Jan Gehl, it produces an empirical picture of where people sit, stand, walk, and gather, rather than where designers assumed they would. The two core modes — place-centered mapping of who is doing what at fixed moments, and individual-centered tracking of how single people move — together turn the invisible life of a space into mappable data.	A walkability index measures how well a neighbourhood's built environment supports walking, by combining a small set of land-use and street-design variables into a single score. The influential index developed by Lawrence Frank and colleagues sums standardized measures of residential density, land-use mix, street connectivity, and retail floor-area ratio, giving extra weight to intersection density because connected street grids most strongly enable walking. Consumer tools such as Walk Score popularized the same idea by scoring an address on the proximity and variety of nearby destinations, making walkability a routine input to planning, public health, and real-estate analysis.