方法对比

	Behavioral Mapping	Placemaking Evaluation
领域	Urban Studies	Urban Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1980	2000
提出者	William H. Whyte; Jan Gehl	Project for Public Spaces (drawing on William H. Whyte and Jan Gehl)
类型	Systematic spatial observation of how people occupy and move through public space	Structured before/after evaluation of public-space quality and use
开创性文献	Whyte, W. H. (1980). The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. Conservation Foundation. ISBN: 9780891640578	Carmona, M. (2019). Principles for public space design, planning to do better. URBAN DESIGN International, 24, 47–59.
别名	Place-Centered Mapping, Individual-Centered Mapping, Public Life Observation, Spatial Behavior Mapping	Place Diagram Evaluation, Power of 10 Assessment, Public-Space Quality Audit, Before-and-After Placemaking Study
相关	4	4
摘要	Behavioral mapping is the systematic, time-sampled observation of how people actually occupy and move through a public space, recorded directly onto a plan of the site. Developed in the urban context by William H. Whyte's filmed studies of New York plazas and formalized into a public-life methodology by Jan Gehl, it produces an empirical picture of where people sit, stand, walk, and gather, rather than where designers assumed they would. The two core modes — place-centered mapping of who is doing what at fixed moments, and individual-centered tracking of how single people move — together turn the invisible life of a space into mappable data.	Placemaking evaluation is the structured assessment of whether a public-space intervention — a redesigned plaza, a reclaimed street, a new pocket park — actually makes the place more sociable, comfortable, and well used. Drawing on the observational tradition of William H. Whyte and Jan Gehl and codified by the Project for Public Spaces, it combines qualitative place-quality judgements with countable measures of activity, often comparing the same site before and after the change. The result is evidence that a place works for people rather than a designer's assertion that it should.