方法对比

	贝叶斯因子检验	独立样本t检验	马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛 (MCMC)
领域	贝叶斯	统计学	贝叶斯
方法族	Bayesian methods	Hypothesis test	Bayesian methods
起源年份	1961	1908	—
提出者	Harold Jeffreys	Student (W. S. Gosset)	—
类型	Bayesian hypothesis comparison	Parametric mean comparison	Posterior sampling algorithm
开创性文献	Jeffreys, H. (1961). Theory of Probability (3rd ed.). Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0198503682	Student (1908). The probable error of a mean. Biometrika, 6(1), 1–25.	Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A. & Rubin, D. B. (2013). Bayesian Data Analysis (3rd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-1439840955
别名	bayes factor, BF10, Bayesian hypothesis test, Bayes Faktörü — Hipotez Testi	student t-test, two-sample t-test, unpaired t-test, bağımsız örneklem t-testi	markov chain monte carlo, MCMC sampling, MCMC (Markov Zinciri Monte Carlo)
相关	3	4	3
摘要	The Bayes factor test, formalised by Harold Jeffreys in 1961, is a Bayesian method for comparing two competing hypotheses. Rather than returning a binary reject/retain verdict, it produces a continuous ratio BF₁₀ that quantifies how much more (or less) probable the data are under the alternative hypothesis H₁ than under the null hypothesis H₀.	The independent samples t-test is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the means of two independent groups to decide whether they differ significantly. It builds on the t-distribution introduced by Student (W. S. Gosset) in 1908 and assumes the measured values are continuous, approximately normally distributed, and have equal variances.	Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a family of computational algorithms for sampling from complex probability distributions, most commonly the posterior distributions that arise in Bayesian inference. Rather than computing posteriors analytically — which is rarely possible for realistic models — MCMC constructs a Markov chain whose stationary distribution is the target posterior and draws dependent samples from it, enabling full probabilistic inference for virtually any model.