方法对比

	Athlete Career Transition Assessment	Team Identification-Social Psychological Health Model
领域	Sport Leisure Studies	Sport Leisure Studies
方法族	Process / pipeline	Latent structure
起源年份	1994	2006
提出者	Jim Taylor & Bruce Ogilvie; Natalia Stambulova	Daniel L. Wann
类型	Conceptual-model-driven assessment pipeline for athletic career transition	Mediational model linking identification to well-being via social connections
开创性文献	Taylor, J., & Ogilvie, B. C. (1994). A Conceptual Model of Adaptation to Retirement Among Athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 6(1), 1-20.	Wann, D. L. (2006). Understanding the positive social psychological benefits of sport team identification: The team identification-social psychological health model. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 10(4), 272-296.
别名	Athletic Career Transition Model (ACTM), Sport Career Termination Assessment, Adaptation to Athletic Retirement Model, Career Transition Adjustment Assessment	TI-SPH Model, Team Identification-Social Psychological Health, Wann's Team Identification Health Model
相关	3	3
摘要	Athlete career transition assessment uses conceptual models of how athletes adapt to leaving sport to evaluate whether a given transition -- above all retirement -- is likely to be navigated healthily or to tip into crisis. Jim Taylor and Bruce Ogilvie's 1994 model of adaptation to retirement traces the whole process: the causes that initiate it, the developmental and identity factors that shape adjustment, the coping resources available, the resulting quality of adaptation, and the interventions that may be needed when distress arises. Natalia Stambulova's athletic career transition model reframes the transition as a matter of balancing its demands against the athlete's resources and barriers, predicting either a successful transition or a crisis. Together these frameworks structure an assessment that diagnoses why a transition is happening, what the athlete brings to it, and how well they are coping.	The Team Identification-Social Psychological Health (TI-SPH) model, proposed by Daniel Wann in 2006, explains why identifying with a sports team is associated with better psychological well-being. Its central claim is mediational: team identification does not improve well-being directly but does so by fostering social connections, which in turn support social psychological health. A fan who identifies with a team gains a ready-made social group, shared rituals, and a sense of belonging, and it is these connections — not the team's results — that yield the well-being benefits. Wann's model, published in Group Dynamics, drew on social identity theory and his earlier work measuring identification, and it made a crucial distinction between identification with a local team, which can produce enduring social connections, and identification with a distant team, which tends to produce only temporary ones. The framework reframed sport fandom from a potentially trivial or maladaptive pastime into a documented source of social-psychological benefit.