方法对比

	Asset Index Construction	Wealth Ranking
领域	Development Studies	Anthropology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2001	1994
提出者	Deon Filmer & Lant Pritchett	Participatory Rural Appraisal tradition (Robert Chambers and colleagues)
类型	Composite socioeconomic-status proxy index	Participatory stratification of households by locally defined wealth or wellbeing
开创性文献	Filmer, D., & Pritchett, L. H. (2001). Estimating Wealth Effects without Expenditure Data—or Tears: An Application to Educational Enrollments in States of India. Demography, 38(1), 115-132.	Chambers, R. (1994). The origins and practice of participatory rural appraisal. World Development, 22(7), 953–969.
别名	Wealth Index, Asset Index, PCA Wealth Index, Socioeconomic Status Index	Wellbeing Ranking, Wealth Ranking Card Sort, Social Stratification Ranking, Wealth Grouping
相关	4	4
摘要	Asset index construction builds a proxy for household wealth or socioeconomic status from observable possessions — durable goods, housing quality, and access to utilities — when reliable income or consumption data are unavailable. The dominant approach, popularized by Deon Filmer and Lant Pritchett in 2001, applies principal component analysis (PCA) to a set of asset variables and uses the first principal component as a set of weights, producing a single wealth score for each household. The method underlies the wealth quintiles reported in Demographic and Health Surveys and many other household surveys across low- and middle-income countries.	Wealth ranking is a participatory rural appraisal technique in which knowledgeable community members sort cards representing local households into a set of wealth or wellbeing strata that they themselves define. Several informants each perform the sort independently, and because they may use different numbers of piles, their placements are converted to a common scale and averaged into a relative wealth score for every household. The procedure produces both a stratification of the community and, crucially, the local (emic) criteria people actually use to judge who is poor and who is well off.