方法对比

	Asset-Based Community Development	Ecomap Analysis
领域	Social Work	Social Work
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1993	1978
提出者	John P. Kretzmann & John L. McKnight	Ann Hartman
类型	Strengths-based approach to community practice and development	Graphical, qualitative person-in-environment assessment tool
开创性文献	Kretzmann, J. P., & McKnight, J. L. (1993). Building Communities from the Inside Out: A Path Toward Finding and Mobilizing a Community's Assets. ACTA Publications / Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University. ISBN: 9780879461089	Hartman, A. (1978). Diagrammatic assessment of family relationships. Social Casework, 59(8), 465–476.
别名	ABCD, Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD), Asset Mapping, Capacity-Focused Community Development	Ecomap, Eco-Map, Ecological Map, Hartman Ecomap
相关	4	3
摘要	Asset-based community development (ABCD) is an approach to community practice that begins by identifying and mobilizing the strengths a community already possesses — the skills of its residents, the energy of its associations, and the resources of its institutions — rather than starting from a catalogue of its problems and deficits. Articulated by John Kretzmann and John McKnight in their 1993 book Building Communities from the Inside Out, ABCD reframes community members from clients and recipients of services into citizens and producers of their own development, and is a cornerstone of strengths-based community social work.	An ecomap is a graphical map of a household or individual set within their social environment, showing the connections between the focal system and the external systems around it — extended family, work, school, health care, friends, agencies, religion, and recreation — and coding each connection as strong, tenuous, or stressful, with arrows for the flow of energy and resources. Ecomap analysis is the practice of drawing and interpreting this map to assess the person-in-environment, the central organizing concept of social work. It was introduced by Ann Hartman in 1978.