方法对比

	Asset-Based Community Development	Community Needs Assessment
领域	Social Work	Social Work
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1993	1972
提出者	John P. Kretzmann & John L. McKnight	Social-planning tradition; need typology by Jonathan Bradshaw
类型	Strengths-based approach to community practice and development	Systematic assessment of the unmet needs of a community or population
开创性文献	Kretzmann, J. P., & McKnight, J. L. (1993). Building Communities from the Inside Out: A Path Toward Finding and Mobilizing a Community's Assets. ACTA Publications / Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University. ISBN: 9780879461089	Bradshaw, J. (1972). A taxonomy of social need. In G. McLachlan (Ed.), Problems and Progress in Medical Care: Essays on Current Research, 7th Series (pp. 71–82). Oxford University Press.
别名	ABCD, Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD), Asset Mapping, Capacity-Focused Community Development	Needs Assessment, Community Needs Analysis, Needs Assessment Survey, Community Assessment
相关	4	4
摘要	Asset-based community development (ABCD) is an approach to community practice that begins by identifying and mobilizing the strengths a community already possesses — the skills of its residents, the energy of its associations, and the resources of its institutions — rather than starting from a catalogue of its problems and deficits. Articulated by John Kretzmann and John McKnight in their 1993 book Building Communities from the Inside Out, ABCD reframes community members from clients and recipients of services into citizens and producers of their own development, and is a cornerstone of strengths-based community social work.	A community needs assessment is a systematic process for identifying, documenting, and prioritizing the unmet needs of a community or population in order to plan programs, allocate resources, and justify funding. It draws on multiple kinds of evidence — statistical indicators, what people say they need, the services they actually seek, and comparisons with other areas — and a guiding typology, such as Jonathan Bradshaw's four types of social need, helps assessors recognize that 'need' is not a single, self-evident quantity but a judgment that depends on whose definition and which standard is applied.