方法对比

	考古地层学	文本校勘学
领域	田野方法	田野方法
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Formalized 1973–1979 (Harris Matrix); geological principle applied to archaeology from mid-19th century	Antiquity; modern systematic method c. 1850s (Lachmann)
提出者	Edward C. Harris (Harris Matrix formalization); William Smith (geological law of superposition applied to archaeology, 19th c.)	Classical philologists (Karl Lachmann foremost in systematic method)
类型	Field excavation and sequence recording method	Humanistic / philological research method
开创性文献	Harris, E. C. (1979). Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy. Academic Press. ISBN: 978-0123264220	West, M. L. (1973). Textual Criticism and Editorial Technique Applicable to Greek and Latin Texts. Teubner. ISBN: 978-3519074014
别名	stratigraphic excavation, Harris matrix method, stratigraphic sequence analysis, layer-by-layer excavation	lower criticism, editorial criticism, philological criticism, manuscript criticism
相关	5	5
摘要	Archaeological stratigraphy is the systematic excavation and recording of soil layers, deposits, and features at an archaeological site in order to establish the relative chronological sequence of human activity. Grounded in the geological law of superposition — that lower layers are older than those above — it uses the Harris Matrix as a formal tool to map depositional relationships and reconstruct site history layer by layer.	Textual criticism is a systematic philological method for identifying, comparing, and evaluating variant readings across multiple manuscript or print witnesses of a text in order to reconstruct the most accurate version of the original — or the author's intended — text. Applied since antiquity to classical, biblical, and literary works, it remains the foundational editorial method in classical studies, biblical scholarship, medieval studies, and critical editing of literary works.