方法对比

	考古地层学	口述历史法
领域	田野方法	田野方法
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Formalized 1973–1979 (Harris Matrix); geological principle applied to archaeology from mid-19th century	1948 (systematic practice); broader theorisation 1970s–1990s
提出者	Edward C. Harris (Harris Matrix formalization); William Smith (geological law of superposition applied to archaeology, 19th c.)	Columbia University Oral History Research Office (Allan Nevins); later theorised by Alessandro Portelli and Donald Ritchie
类型	Field excavation and sequence recording method	Qualitative historical-empirical method
开创性文献	Harris, E. C. (1979). Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy. Academic Press. ISBN: 978-0123264220	Ritchie, D. A. (2015). Doing Oral History (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0199329960
别名	stratigraphic excavation, Harris matrix method, stratigraphic sequence analysis, layer-by-layer excavation	oral history research, life history interviewing, oral testimony research, OHM
相关	5	6
摘要	Archaeological stratigraphy is the systematic excavation and recording of soil layers, deposits, and features at an archaeological site in order to establish the relative chronological sequence of human activity. Grounded in the geological law of superposition — that lower layers are older than those above — it uses the Harris Matrix as a formal tool to map depositional relationships and reconstruct site history layer by layer.	The oral history method is a qualitative research approach in which researchers conduct in-depth, recorded interviews with individuals who have direct personal experience of a historical event, social process, or community life. It captures subjective perspectives, memory, and lived experience that written records rarely preserve, making it indispensable for recovering voices absent from official archives — particularly those of marginalised communities, minority groups, and ordinary people.