方法对比

	考古地层学	解释学分析
领域	田野方法	田野方法
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Formalized 1973–1979 (Harris Matrix); geological principle applied to archaeology from mid-19th century	19th–20th century (Schleiermacher ~1819; Dilthey ~1883; Gadamer 1960; Ricoeur 1969)
提出者	Edward C. Harris (Harris Matrix formalization); William Smith (geological law of superposition applied to archaeology, 19th c.)	Friedrich Schleiermacher; Wilhelm Dilthey; Hans-Georg Gadamer; Paul Ricoeur
类型	Field excavation and sequence recording method	Qualitative interpretive method
开创性文献	Harris, E. C. (1979). Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy. Academic Press. ISBN: 978-0123264220	Gadamer, H.-G. (1975). Truth and Method (G. Barden & J. Cumming, Trans.). Seabury Press. (Original work published 1960 as Wahrheit und Methode). ISBN: 978-0826400185
别名	stratigraphic excavation, Harris matrix method, stratigraphic sequence analysis, layer-by-layer excavation	hermeneutics, hermeneutical interpretation, interpretive hermeneutics, philosophical hermeneutics
相关	5	6
摘要	Archaeological stratigraphy is the systematic excavation and recording of soil layers, deposits, and features at an archaeological site in order to establish the relative chronological sequence of human activity. Grounded in the geological law of superposition — that lower layers are older than those above — it uses the Harris Matrix as a formal tool to map depositional relationships and reconstruct site history layer by layer.	Hermeneutic analysis is a qualitative interpretive method for uncovering the meaning of texts, documents, spoken discourse, or human actions. Rooted in 19th-century biblical and legal scholarship and systematised by Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Gadamer, and Ricoeur, it operates through the hermeneutic circle: the meaning of a part is understood through the whole, and the meaning of the whole is revised as parts are interpreted. The goal is not to measure or code, but to achieve a deepening, dialogic understanding of the object of interpretation.