方法对比

	Allostatic Load Index	Area Deprivation Index
领域	Social Epidemiology	Social Epidemiology
方法族	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1997	2003
提出者	Bruce McEwen & Eliot Stellar; Teresa Seeman, Burton Singer et al. (MacArthur Studies)	Gopal K. Singh; Amy J. H. Kind & William R. Buckingham (Neighborhood Atlas)
类型	Composite multi-system biomarker index of physiological dysregulation	Composite area-level socioeconomic deprivation index
开创性文献	Seeman, T. E., Singer, B. H., Rowe, J. W., Horwitz, R. I., & McEwen, B. S. (1997). Price of Adaptation: Allostatic Load and Its Health Consequences. MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging. Archives of Internal Medicine, 157(19), 2259-2268.	Singh, G. K. (2003). Area Deprivation and Widening Inequalities in US Mortality, 1969-1998. American Journal of Public Health, 93(7), 1137-1143.
别名	Allostatic Load Score, Cumulative Biological Risk Index, Multi-System Dysregulation Index, Allostatic Load	ADI, Neighborhood Deprivation Index, Singh Area Deprivation Index, Neighborhood Atlas ADI
相关	4	4
摘要	The allostatic load index quantifies the cumulative biological cost of chronic stress by summing dysregulation across multiple physiological systems. McEwen and Stellar introduced 'allostatic load' in 1993 to name the wear and tear the body accrues when stress-response systems are repeatedly or chronically activated, extending the idea of allostasis (stability through change) over time. Seeman, Singer, Rowe, Horwitz, and McEwen operationalized it in the MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging in 1997, scoring older adults on biomarkers spanning cardiovascular, metabolic, neuroendocrine, and immune function and counting how many fell into a high-risk range, typically the worst quartile. The resulting count index predicted later cognitive and physical decline and cardiovascular disease, establishing allostatic load as a measurable marker of cumulative physiological risk that no single clinical test captures.	The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) summarizes the socioeconomic disadvantage of a small geographic area, such as a census block group, into a single rankable score built from census indicators of income, education, employment, and housing. Gopal Singh constructed the modern US version in 2003, combining seventeen census measures with factor-analytic weights to show that area deprivation gradients in US mortality widened substantially between 1969 and 1998. Amy Kind and William Buckingham later made the index broadly usable through the Neighborhood Atlas, which publishes ADI rankings (national percentiles and state deciles) at the block-group level so researchers and clinicians can attach a neighborhood-disadvantage value to any address. The ADI sits alongside relatives such as the British Townsend and Carstairs indices in a family of composite area-deprivation measures.