方法对比

	Age-Period-Cohort Model	生命表分析
领域	人口学	人口学
方法族	Regression model	Survival analysis
起源年份	1983	1984
提出者	Theodore R. Holford (modern estimable-function formulation)	Demographic/actuarial tradition; Chiang
类型	Regression decomposition of rates into age, period and cohort effects	Age-structured mortality estimator
开创性文献	Holford, T. R. (1983). The estimation of age, period and cohort effects for vital rates. Biometrics, 39(2), 311–324.	Chiang, C. L. (1984). The Life Table and Its Applications. Robert E. Krieger Publishing. ISBN: 978-0-89874-565-2
别名	APC Model, Age-Period-Cohort Analysis, Holford APC Model	Mortality Table, Actuarial Table, Survival Table, Yaşam Tablosu
相关	4	3
摘要	The age-period-cohort (APC) model decomposes variation in a vital rate — mortality, incidence, fertility — into three temporal dimensions: the age of individuals, the calendar period of observation, and the birth cohort to which they belong. It is the standard framework for asking whether a trend reflects how risk changes with age, contemporaneous period influences affecting all ages at once, or generational effects carried by successive cohorts. Its defining technical challenge is that cohort equals period minus age, an exact linear dependence that makes the three sets of linear effects unidentifiable without further assumptions; Holford's 1983 formulation clarified exactly which quantities can and cannot be estimated.	A life table is a systematic, age-structured summary of the mortality experience of a population. It traces a hypothetical cohort of births — conventionally 100,000 — through successive age intervals, recording how many survive, how many die, and how many person-years are lived at each interval. The method was formalized in its modern probabilistic form by Chiang (1984), synthesizing centuries of actuarial and demographic practice into a rigorous statistical framework applicable to human and biological populations alike.