方法对比

	Affective Priming Task	Sequential Priming
领域	社会心理学	社会心理学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1994	1986
提出者	Dirk Hermans, Jan De Houwer & Paul Eelen	Social cognition priming tradition (Fazio and colleagues)
类型	Reaction-time automatic evaluation paradigm	General reaction-time priming framework
开创性文献	Hermans, D., De Houwer, J., & Eelen, P. (1994). The affective priming effect: Automatic activation of evaluative information in memory. Cognition and Emotion, 8(6), 515-533.	Fazio, R. H., Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Powell, M. C., & Kardes, F. R. (1986). On the automatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(2), 229-238.
别名	Affective Priming Paradigm, Naming Affective Priming, Pronunciation Priming Task	Prime-Target Priming, Semantic-Affective Priming, Response-Window Priming
相关	3	3
摘要	The affective priming task, developed by Hermans, De Houwer, and Eelen in 1994, demonstrates that stimulus evaluation is automatic and goal-independent. Like evaluative priming it pairs a valenced prime with a valenced target, but instead of asking participants to judge the target's valence it asks them simply to pronounce or name the target aloud as fast as possible. Targets are named faster when preceded by an affectively congruent prime than an incongruent one, even though the naming task never requires evaluating valence. This is a crucial theoretical point: because evaluation facilitates responding even when it is irrelevant to the task, the affective reaction must be triggered automatically and unintentionally. The naming variant became an important tool for distinguishing genuinely automatic evaluation from response-competition artifacts that can arise in valence-classification tasks.	Sequential priming is the general experimental framework underlying many implicit social-cognition measures: a prime is presented, followed after some interval by a target to which the participant responds, and the speed of responding reveals what the prime automatically activated. By varying the prime-target relation (semantic, affective, stereotypic, goal-related) and the stimulus onset asynchrony, researchers can map which associations are activated, how quickly, and whether the activation is automatic or strategic. Short intervals isolate automatic spreading activation that participants cannot control, while longer intervals permit controlled processes. Evaluative priming, affective priming, and stereotype priming are all special cases of this logic, making sequential priming a unifying methodological backbone for studying automatic mental processes in social psychology.