方法对比

	自适应随机对照试验	自适应实验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1980s–2000s (formalized; earlier sequential testing roots from Wald, 1947)	1940s–1970s (sequential foundations); formalised in clinical and behavioural research by 1980s–2000s
提出者	Donald Berry and others; foundational adaptive trial methods developed through 1980s–2000s biostatistics literature	Abraham Wald (sequential analysis foundation); expanded by Robbins, Armitage, and others
类型	Experimental design — adaptive variant of RCT	Experimental research design
开创性文献	Chow, S.-C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman & Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584887690	Chow, S. C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584886761
别名	Adaptive RCT, Response-adaptive RCT, Adaptive clinical trial, Platform trial	adaptive design, response-adaptive randomization, adaptive trial, adaptive randomization
相关	6	5
摘要	An adaptive randomized controlled trial (adaptive RCT) is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow modifications to the trial while it is ongoing — such as changing allocation ratios, dropping underperforming arms, or stopping early for efficacy or futility — based on accumulating interim data. These adaptations are planned before the trial starts and governed by statistical rules to preserve Type I error control and validity.	An adaptive experiment is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow the protocol to be modified — such as reallocating participants to better-performing arms, stopping early for efficacy or futility, or changing sample size — based on accumulating interim data, while maintaining statistical validity. Adaptive designs are widely used in clinical trials, behavioural economics, and online platform testing to improve efficiency and ethics without sacrificing inferential rigour.