方法对比

	自适应目的性抽样	最大变异抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1980s–1990s	1985 (Lincoln & Guba); elaborated 1990–2002 (Patton)
提出者	Rooted in Patton's purposive sampling typology; adaptive dimension from iterative qualitative inquiry traditions	Lincoln & Guba; systematised by Michael Quinn Patton
类型	Qualitative sampling strategy	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
开创性文献	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. Chapter 5: Purposeful Sampling. ISBN: 978-0761919711
别名	iterative purposive sampling, emergent purposive sampling, adaptive qualitative sampling, dynamic purposive sampling	maximum variation sampling, maximum diversity sampling, MVS, heterogeneous sampling
相关	5	5
摘要	Adaptive purposive sampling is a qualitative strategy in which the researcher begins with explicitly stated, theory-driven selection criteria and then deliberately revises those criteria as data collection proceeds and new understanding emerges. Unlike fixed purposive sampling — where criteria are locked in before fieldwork — the adaptive variant treats the sampling frame as a working hypothesis that is refined in response to early findings, enabling the study to follow the evidence into unexpected but analytically important directions.	Maximum variation sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects cases that span the widest possible range of variation on dimensions central to the study. The goal is not statistical representation but the identification of common patterns that cut across diverse cases as well as the documentation of the unique ways each context shapes the phenomenon under investigation.