方法对比

	自适应多臂试验	多臂实验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2000s–2010s (MAMS framework formalized c. 2003–2011)	1990s–2000s (clinical formalization); multi-arm concept implicit in ANOVA-era factorial designs
提出者	Patrick Royston, Mahesh Parmar, and colleagues (multi-arm multi-stage framework); further developed by James Wason, Thomas Jaki and others	Developed within clinical trials methodology; formalized by Parmar, Royston and colleagues (UK MRC CTU, early 2000s)
类型	Experimental design	Experimental design
开创性文献	Royston, P., Parmar, M. K. B., & Qian, W. (2003). Novel designs for multi-arm clinical trials with survival outcomes with an application in ovarian cancer. Statistics in Medicine, 22(14), 2239–2256.	Royston, P., Parmar, M. K. B., & Qian, W. (2003). Novel designs for multi-arm clinical trials with survival outcomes with an application in ovarian cancer. Statistics in Medicine, 22(14), 2239–2256.
别名	MAMS design, multi-arm adaptive trial, adaptive platform trial, response-adaptive multi-arm experiment	multi-arm trial, multiple-arm experiment, multi-group experiment, many-arm design
相关	3	5
摘要	An adaptive multi-arm experiment simultaneously evaluates several treatment conditions against a common control and modifies the trial in real time based on accumulating data — dropping ineffective arms early, reallocating participants toward promising ones, or adjusting sample sizes — all while controlling error rates. The approach maximizes information gained per participant and reduces the time and cost required to identify effective treatments relative to running sequential separate trials.	A multi-arm experiment simultaneously compares three or more treatment or intervention conditions — each called an arm — against a shared control or against one another. By testing multiple alternatives in a single study, it yields more information per participant than running separate two-group experiments sequentially, while controlling the overall Type I error rate through pre-specified comparison strategies.