方法对比
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| 自适应多臂试验× | 析因随机对照试验× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 实验设计 | 实验设计 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 2000s–2010s (MAMS framework formalized c. 2003–2011) | 1926 (Fisher factorial foundations); 2000s–2010s (clinical factorial RCT formalization) |
| 提出者≠ | Patrick Royston, Mahesh Parmar, and colleagues (multi-arm multi-stage framework); further developed by James Wason, Thomas Jaki and others | R. A. Fisher (factorial design foundations); adapted into clinical trials via MOST framework (Collins et al., 2014) |
| 类型≠ | Experimental design | Experimental trial design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Royston, P., Parmar, M. K. B., & Qian, W. (2003). Novel designs for multi-arm clinical trials with survival outcomes with an application in ovarian cancer. Statistics in Medicine, 22(14), 2239–2256. DOI ↗ | Collins, L. M., Dziak, J. J., Kugler, K. C., & Trail, J. B. (2014). Factorial experiments: Efficient tools for evaluation of intervention components. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 47(4), 498–504. DOI ↗ |
| 别名 | MAMS design, multi-arm adaptive trial, adaptive platform trial, response-adaptive multi-arm experiment | Factorial RCT, factorial trial, multi-factor RCT, factorial experiment with randomization |
| 相关≠ | 3 | 6 |
| 摘要≠ | An adaptive multi-arm experiment simultaneously evaluates several treatment conditions against a common control and modifies the trial in real time based on accumulating data — dropping ineffective arms early, reallocating participants toward promising ones, or adjusting sample sizes — all while controlling error rates. The approach maximizes information gained per participant and reduces the time and cost required to identify effective treatments relative to running sequential separate trials. | A factorial randomized controlled trial (factorial RCT) is an experimental design in which participants are randomly assigned to every possible combination of two or more independent factors (treatments or intervention components) simultaneously. This allows researchers to estimate the main effect of each factor and their interactions within a single, efficient trial, rather than running separate experiments for each factor. |
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