方法对比

	适应性最大变异抽样	目的性抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s (practice codified in qualitative methods literature)	Formalized ~1980–1990
提出者	Synthesizes Patton (maximum variation) and Thompson (adaptive sampling)	Michael Quinn Patton (systematic articulation); roots in early qualitative inquiry
类型	Adaptive purposive qualitative sampling strategy	Non-probability sampling strategy
开创性文献	Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods (2nd ed.). Sage. [Maximum variation sampling, pp. 169–183] ISBN: 978-0803937796	Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0803937796
别名	adaptive purposive maximum variation sampling, iterative maximum variation sampling, adaptive heterogeneous sampling, AMVS	judgmental sampling, selective sampling, criterion-based sampling, purposeful sampling
相关	5	4
摘要	Adaptive maximum variation sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy that combines the logic of maximum variation sampling — deliberately selecting cases that differ as widely as possible on key dimensions — with an adaptive, iterative recruitment process. Rather than fixing the full sample in advance, the researcher continuously reviews emerging data to identify which types of cases are underrepresented and recruits new participants to fill those gaps, maximizing heterogeneity throughout data collection.	Purposive sampling is a non-probability strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects participants, documents, or cases that are information-rich with respect to the research question. Rather than drawing units at random, the researcher applies explicit criteria aligned with the study's purpose, maximising the depth and relevance of the data collected. It is the default sampling logic in most qualitative research designs and is also used in mixed-methods and applied evaluative work.