方法对比

	自适应现场实验	随机对照试验 (RCT)
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
起源年份	1990s–2000s (formalized in field economics and development research contexts)	1948
提出者	Developed at the intersection of adaptive trial methodology (Berry, Bauer) and field experimentation (Duflo, Kremer, List)	James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948)
类型	Adaptive experimental design conducted in naturalistic settings	Interventional comparative study
开创性文献	Berry, D. A. (2004). Bayesian statistics and the efficiency and ethics of clinical trials. Statistical Science, 19(1), 175–187.	Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332.
别名	adaptive field trial, sequentially adaptive field experiment, responsive field experiment, adaptive randomized field study	RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı
相关	6	7
摘要	An adaptive field experiment is a randomized study conducted in a real-world environment in which pre-specified decision rules allow the researcher to modify the trial as interim data accumulate — for example, by reallocating participants toward more effective arms, adjusting sample size, or stopping early for efficacy or futility — all while maintaining statistical integrity.	A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010).