方法对比

	自适应现场实验	自适应实验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s (formalized in field economics and development research contexts)	1940s–1970s (sequential foundations); formalised in clinical and behavioural research by 1980s–2000s
提出者	Developed at the intersection of adaptive trial methodology (Berry, Bauer) and field experimentation (Duflo, Kremer, List)	Abraham Wald (sequential analysis foundation); expanded by Robbins, Armitage, and others
类型	Adaptive experimental design conducted in naturalistic settings	Experimental research design
开创性文献	Berry, D. A. (2004). Bayesian statistics and the efficiency and ethics of clinical trials. Statistical Science, 19(1), 175–187.	Chow, S. C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584886761
别名	adaptive field trial, sequentially adaptive field experiment, responsive field experiment, adaptive randomized field study	adaptive design, response-adaptive randomization, adaptive trial, adaptive randomization
相关	6	5
摘要	An adaptive field experiment is a randomized study conducted in a real-world environment in which pre-specified decision rules allow the researcher to modify the trial as interim data accumulate — for example, by reallocating participants toward more effective arms, adjusting sample size, or stopping early for efficacy or futility — all while maintaining statistical integrity.	An adaptive experiment is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow the protocol to be modified — such as reallocating participants to better-performing arms, stopping early for efficacy or futility, or changing sample size — based on accumulating interim data, while maintaining statistical validity. Adaptive designs are widely used in clinical trials, behavioural economics, and online platform testing to improve efficiency and ethics without sacrificing inferential rigour.