方法对比

	自适应对照组实验设计	对照组实验设计
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1994 (formal adaptive framework); wider adoption 2000s–2010s	1935 (Fisher); 1963 (Campbell & Stanley codification)
提出者	Peter Bauer and Klaus Kohne (adaptive interim analysis framework, 1994); broader adaptive design methodology developed by Scott Chow and Mark Chang	Ronald A. Fisher; systematised by Donald T. Campbell & Julian C. Stanley
类型	Adaptive experimental design	Experimental research design
开创性文献	Chow, S.-C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584886760	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.
别名	adaptive controlled experiment, adaptive two-arm controlled design, adaptive parallel-group design, flexible controlled trial design	controlled experiment, true experimental design, randomized controlled design, treatment-control design
相关	4	4
摘要	An adaptive control group experimental design is an experiment that assigns participants to at least one treatment arm and one concurrent control group, while allowing pre-specified modifications to the trial — such as sample size re-estimation, early stopping, or allocation ratio changes — based on accumulating data. Adaptations are governed by decision rules established before the study begins, preserving Type I error control while improving efficiency.	Control group experimental design is a fundamental experimental structure in which participants are assigned to at least two groups — a treatment group that receives the intervention and a control group that does not — so that the effect of the intervention can be isolated by comparing outcomes across groups. Randomisation of assignment strengthens causal inference by balancing known and unknown confounders.