方法对比

	自适应对照组实验设计	自适应实验
领域	实验设计	实验设计
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1994 (formal adaptive framework); wider adoption 2000s–2010s	1940s–1970s (sequential foundations); formalised in clinical and behavioural research by 1980s–2000s
提出者	Peter Bauer and Klaus Kohne (adaptive interim analysis framework, 1994); broader adaptive design methodology developed by Scott Chow and Mark Chang	Abraham Wald (sequential analysis foundation); expanded by Robbins, Armitage, and others
类型	Adaptive experimental design	Experimental research design
开创性文献	Chow, S.-C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584886760	Chow, S. C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584886761
别名	adaptive controlled experiment, adaptive two-arm controlled design, adaptive parallel-group design, flexible controlled trial design	adaptive design, response-adaptive randomization, adaptive trial, adaptive randomization
相关	4	5
摘要	An adaptive control group experimental design is an experiment that assigns participants to at least one treatment arm and one concurrent control group, while allowing pre-specified modifications to the trial — such as sample size re-estimation, early stopping, or allocation ratio changes — based on accumulating data. Adaptations are governed by decision rules established before the study begins, preserving Type I error control while improving efficiency.	An adaptive experiment is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow the protocol to be modified — such as reallocating participants to better-performing arms, stopping early for efficacy or futility, or changing sample size — based on accumulating interim data, while maintaining statistical validity. Adaptive designs are widely used in clinical trials, behavioural economics, and online platform testing to improve efficiency and ethics without sacrificing inferential rigour.