方法对比

	Adaptive Capacity Assessment	SES Framework
领域	Environmental Sociology	Environmental Sociology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2006	2009
提出者	Barry Smit & Johanna Wandel; IPCC (Adger et al.)	Elinor Ostrom
类型	Participatory, determinants-based assessment of the capacity to adapt	Multi-tier diagnostic framework for sustainability of coupled human-natural systems
开创性文献	Smit, B., & Wandel, J. (2006). Adaptation, Adaptive Capacity and Vulnerability. Global Environmental Change, 16(3), 282-292.	Ostrom, E. (2009). A General Framework for Analyzing Sustainability of Social-Ecological Systems. Science, 325(5939), 419-422.
别名	Adaptive Capacity Appraisal, Capacity-to-Adapt Assessment, Vulnerability-Based Adaptation Assessment, Determinants of Adaptive Capacity Analysis	Social-Ecological Systems Framework, Ostrom SES Framework, Coupled Human-Natural Systems Framework, Multi-Tier SES Diagnostic Framework
相关	4	3
摘要	Adaptive capacity assessment evaluates the ability of a community, sector, or system to adjust to climate variability and change, to moderate harm, and to seize opportunities. It is the third and most actionable component of the IPCC vulnerability framework, the part that captures why two equally exposed and sensitive places can fare very differently. Barry Smit and Johanna Wandel's influential synthesis reframed vulnerability assessment around adaptive capacity and argued for a bottom-up, practitioner-oriented approach grounded in local knowledge of real exposures and coping. The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report chapter on adaptation, by Adger and colleagues, catalogued the determinants of adaptive capacity, economic resources, technology, information, infrastructure, institutions, and equity, and the barriers that limit it in practice. Rather than producing a single index number, the assessment builds a rich, context-specific picture of what enables and constrains adaptation. Its purpose is to identify concrete entry points for strengthening the capacity to cope with a changing climate.	The social-ecological systems (SES) framework, set out by Elinor Ostrom in her 2009 Science paper, is a multi-tier diagnostic structure for analyzing why some coupled human-natural systems are governed sustainably and others are not. It treats a social-ecological system as the interplay of four core subsystems, a resource system, the resource units it produces, a governance system, and the users, all embedded in broader social, economic, and political settings and related ecosystems. Each core subsystem unpacks into second- and lower-tier variables, giving a shared, nested vocabulary of dozens of attributes that can be drawn on selectively for a given question. The framework extends Ostrom's earlier Institutional Analysis and Development work to tightly coupled human-environment systems and is designed to support cumulative, comparable diagnosis of sustainability, including the conditions under which users self-organize to manage a resource.