方法对比

	Activity Diary (Disability)	Goal Attainment Scaling
领域	Disability Studies	Social Work
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2001	1968
提出者	Time-use diary tradition adapted to disability research; ICF framework by the WHO	Thomas J. Kiresuk & Robert E. Sherman
类型	Time-use / activity diary pipeline for daily participation in disability research	Individualized, criterion-referenced outcome measurement procedure
开创性文献	Stone, A. A., & Shiffman, S. (1994). Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in behavioral medicine. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 16(3), 199-202.	Kiresuk, T. J., & Sherman, R. E. (1968). Goal attainment scaling: A general method for evaluating comprehensive community mental health programs. Community Mental Health Journal, 4(6), 443–453.
别名	Time-Use Diary (Disability), Daily Activity Log, Participation Diary, 24-Hour Activity Recall Diary	GAS, Goal Attainment Scale, Kiresuk-Sherman Goal Attainment Scaling, Individualized Goal Scaling
相关	2	3
摘要	An activity diary, or time-use diary, is a structured record in which a person logs the activities they do across a day, how long each takes, and the context in which it happens; in disability research the method is adapted to capture daily activity participation, time allocation, the assistance people use, and the barriers they encounter. Diaries may cover a full 24-hour day in sequential slots or sample episodes throughout the day, and they record not only what the person did but where, with whom, with what human or device assistance, and against what obstacles. Aggregating these records yields indicators of how time is spent and how fully a person participates in life domains, which can be mapped onto the Activities and Participation component of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). By grounding measurement in concrete daily activity and environmental context, activity diaries complement momentary and clinical measures and reveal the lived texture of participation that summary functional scores miss.	Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) is a method for measuring the outcomes of an individualized intervention by writing, in advance, a small set of client-specific goals and defining for each a graded scale of possible outcomes from much worse than expected to much better than expected. After the intervention, the actual outcome on each goal is scored on this scale and the scores are combined into a single standardized index, allowing idiosyncratic, personally meaningful goals to be aggregated and compared across clients and programs. It was introduced by Thomas Kiresuk and Robert Sherman in 1968 to evaluate community mental health programs.