方法对比

	Accessibility Equity Analysis	Accessibility Analysis
领域	Urban Studies	Human Geography
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2004	1959
提出者	Karst Geurs & Bert van Wee (accessibility evaluation framework)	Walter G. Hansen
类型	Distributional analysis of accessibility across population groups	Spatial index of the ease of reaching opportunities from a location
开创性文献	Geurs, K. T., & van Wee, B. (2004). Accessibility evaluation of land-use and transport strategies: review and research directions. Journal of Transport Geography, 12(2), 127–140.	Hansen, W. G. (1959). How accessibility shapes land use. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 25(2), 73–76.
别名	Distributional Accessibility Analysis, Transport Equity Analysis, Access Equity Assessment, Accessibility Gini Analysis	Hansen Accessibility, Gravity Accessibility Measure, Potential Accessibility, Spatial Accessibility Index
相关	4	4
摘要	Accessibility equity analysis asks not just how much access to opportunities a place has, but how that access is distributed across people and social groups — who can reach jobs, healthcare, and education, and who is left behind. It pairs an accessibility measure, in the tradition formalized by Karst Geurs and Bert van Wee, with the distributional tools of inequality measurement: Lorenz curves, Gini and Palma indices, and comparisons between advantaged and disadvantaged groups. The result reframes accessibility as a question of fairness, revealing whether a transport or land-use arrangement concentrates reachable opportunity among the already privileged or spreads it equitably.	Accessibility analysis measures how easily opportunities — jobs, shops, clinics, parks — can be reached from a given location, combining the attractiveness (size) of destinations with the cost of travelling to them. The gravity-based formulation introduced by Walter Hansen in 1959 sums the opportunities at all destinations, each discounted by a distance-decay function of travel cost, producing a single accessibility score per origin that has become a foundational concept in transport geography and urban planning.