方法对比
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| AB设计× | 自适应实验× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 实验设计 | 实验设计 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | 1960s | 1940s–1970s (sequential foundations); formalised in clinical and behavioural research by 1980s–2000s |
| 提出者≠ | Murray Sidman; Baer, Wolf & Risley | Abraham Wald (sequential analysis foundation); expanded by Robbins, Armitage, and others |
| 类型≠ | Single-subject experimental design | Experimental research design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Sidman, M. (1960). Tactics of Scientific Research: Evaluating Experimental Data in Psychology. Basic Books. link ↗ | Chow, S. C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584886761 |
| 别名≠ | baseline-intervention design, AB single-case design, AB phase design | adaptive design, response-adaptive randomization, adaptive trial, adaptive randomization |
| 相关≠ | 4 | 5 |
| 摘要≠ | The AB design is the simplest single-subject experimental design, consisting of two sequential phases: a baseline phase (A) in which the target behavior is observed under natural conditions without intervention, followed by an intervention phase (B) in which the treatment or manipulation is introduced. Changes in the behavior's level, trend, or variability between phases are used to infer the effect of the intervention on the individual participant. | An adaptive experiment is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow the protocol to be modified — such as reallocating participants to better-performing arms, stopping early for efficacy or futility, or changing sample size — based on accumulating interim data, while maintaining statistical validity. Adaptive designs are widely used in clinical trials, behavioural economics, and online platform testing to improve efficiency and ethics without sacrificing inferential rigour. |
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