ScholarGate
Khám phá
Thư việnThư viện của tôiBànKiểm tra trướcReview StudioTrợ lý
Không gian làm việc
So sánh
Xây dựng kệ sách của bạn

Lưu phương pháp, sắp xếp bộ sưu tập và mang chúng đến bàn của bạn.

Tạo tài khoản
Thư viện
 / Duyệt
Đăng nhập
Thư viện

Khám phá khoa học theo phương pháp, lĩnh vực và bằng chứng.

Một danh mục duy nhất về các phương pháp nghiên cứu — tìm hiểu cách mỗi phương pháp hoạt động, khi nào nên dùng và điều nó không làm được.

6,435 phương pháp11 lĩnh vực7 họ phương pháp40 ngôn ngữ
Atlas khoa họcLập bản đồ cấu trúc của khoa học trước khi sử dụng.Lĩnh vực · phương pháp · lộ trình bằng chứngKhám phá bản đồ
Lĩnh vựcHealth & Medicine716Psychology570Business & Finance410Engineering330Life Sciences263Education261Research Practice
ScholarGate

Thư viện tham khảo về phương pháp nghiên cứu, đặt nội dung lên hàng đầu — mỗi phương pháp là gì, hoạt động ra sao và bắt nguồn từ đâu.

Dữ liệu mở (CC-BY)

Khám phá

  • Thư viện
  • Tìm phương pháp…
  • Duyệt theo lĩnh vực
  • Lĩnh vực
  • Hành trình
  • So sánh
  • Nên dùng phương pháp nào?

Tham khảo

  • Lĩnh vực
  • Bản đồ
  • Bảng thuật ngữ
  • Phương pháp luận
  • Triết học

Không gian làm việc

  • Thư viện của tôi
  • Bàn
  • Trò chuyện

Công ty

  • Giới thiệu
  • Bảng giá
  • Liên hệ
  • Đề xuất phương pháp

Các mục từ được biên soạn từ những nguồn đã công bố nhằm mục đích tham khảo. Việc kiểm chứng tính chính xác và mức độ phù hợp của bất kỳ thông tin nào cho mục đích sử dụng của bạn vẫn thuộc trách nhiệm của bạn.

© 2026 ScholarGate · Thư viện tham khảo về phương pháp nghiên cứu
  • Quyền riêng tư
  • Cookie
  • Điều khoản
  • Xóa tài khoản
248
Natural Sciences236
Social Sciences185
Environment & Sustainability160
Law30
Phương phápThống kê1,836Trí tuệ nhân tạo & học máy1,661Khoa học quyết định932Phương pháp nghiên cứu1,354Đo lường1,745Nhân quả & bằng chứng532Thực hành nghiên cứu118
852 phương pháp · Khoa học quyết địnhXóa
Các phương pháp thực khớp với bộ lọc của bạn.
Sắp xếpĐộ phổ biếnA–ZZ–AMới nhất
decision making

FUCOM-F

FUCOM-F (Fuzzy Full Consistency Method (TFN)) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Pamucar, D., Ecer, F. in 2018 crisp; 2020 variant applicator. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2018
soft computing

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps

A fuzzy cognitive map, introduced by Bart Kosko in 1986, represents a system as a network of concepts connected by signed, weighted causal links, and simulates how the concepts influence one another over time. By combining the intuitive structure of a cognitive map with fuzzy weights and iterative activation, FCMs let

2 nguồn1986
decision making

FUZZY-AHP

FUZZY-AHP (Fuzzy AHP — Fuzzy extension of the Analytic Hierarchy Process) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Van Laarhoven, P. J. M., Pedrycz, W. in 1983. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn1983
decision making

FUZZY-ARAS

FUZZY-ARAS (Fuzzy ARAS — Fuzzy extension of ARAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Turskis, Z., Zavadskas, E. K. in 2010. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2010
decision making

FUZZY-AROMAN

FUZZY-AROMAN (Fuzzy AROMAN — Fuzzy extension of AROMAN) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Bošković et al. in 2023. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2023
decision making

FUZZY-BWM

FUZZY-BWM (Fuzzy BWM — Triangular Fuzzy Best-Worst Method) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Guo, S., Zhao, H. in 2015 crisp; 2017 variant applicator. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2015
decision making

FUZZY-COCOSO

FUZZY-COCOSO (Fuzzy CoCoSo — Fuzzy extension of COCOSO) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2000
decision making

FUZZY-CODAS

FUZZY-CODAS (Fuzzy CODAS — Fuzzy extension of CODAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Keshavarz Ghorabaee, M., Amiri, M., Zavadskas, E. K., Hooshmand, R., Antucheviciene, J. in 2017. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproduc

1 nguồn2017
decision making

FUZZY-COPRAS

FUZZY-COPRAS (Fuzzy COPRAS — Fuzzy extension of COPRAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2000
decision making

FUZZY-DELPHI

FUZZY-DELPHI (Fuzzy Delphi — Expert consensus with triangular fuzzy opinions and defuzzification) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Kaufmann, A., Gupta, M. M. in 1988. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible r

1 nguồn1988
decision making

FUZZY-DNMA

FUZZY-DNMA (Fuzzy DNMA — Fuzzy extension of DNMA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2000
decision making

FUZZY-EDAS

FUZZY-EDAS (Fuzzy EDAS — Fuzzy extension of EDAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2000
decision making

FUZZY-ELECTRE-I

FUZZY-ELECTRE-I (Fuzzy ELECTRE I (Group, Trapezoidal)) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Hatami-Marbini, A., Tavana, M. in 1968 crisp; 2011 variant applicator. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn1968
decision making

FUZZY-ELECTRE-II

FUZZY-ELECTRE-II (Fuzzy ELECTRE II — Fuzzy extension of ELECTRE-II) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Roy, B. & Bertier, P. (canonical crisp); Govindan, K., Grigore, M.C. & Kannan, D. (TFN applicator) in 1973 crisp; 2010 TFN applicator. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives

1 nguồn1973
decision making

FUZZY-ELECTRE-III

FUZZY-ELECTRE-III (Fuzzy ELECTRE III — Fuzzy extension of ELECTRE-III) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Montazer, G. A., Qahri Saremi, H., Ramezani, M. (precursor: Qahri Saremi & Montazer 2007 WSEAS) in 2009. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteri

1 nguồn2009
decision making

FUZZY-FMEA-DEA

FUZZY-FMEA-DEA (Fuzzy Smart FMEA with DEA (FSFMEA) — Fuzzy FMEA + CCR Data Envelopment Analysis for corrective action prioritization) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Adesina, K.A.; Yazdi, M.; Zarei, E.; Pouyakian, M. (FSFMEA hybrid); Stamatis, D.H. 2003 (FMEA reference); Charnes-

1 nguồn2022
decision making

FUZZY-INFORMATION-AXIOM

FUZZY-INFORMATION-AXIOM (FIA — Fuzzy Information Axiom (Axiomatic Design under fuzzy data)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Kahraman, C., Kulak, O. in 2008. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2008
decision making

FUZZY-MABAC

FUZZY-MABAC (Fuzzy MABAC — Fuzzy extension of MABAC) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2000
decision making

FUZZY-MARCOS

FUZZY-MARCOS (Fuzzy MARCOS — Fuzzy extension of MARCOS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2000
decision making

FUZZY-MAUT

FUZZY-MAUT (Fuzzy MAUT — Fuzzy extension of MAUT) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2000
decision making

FUZZY-MOORA

FUZZY-MOORA (Fuzzy MOORA — Fuzzy extension of MOORA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2000
decision making

FUZZY-MULTIMOORA

FUZZY-MULTIMOORA (Fuzzy MULTIMOORA — Fuzzy extension of MULTIMOORA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2000
decision making

FUZZY-OCRA

FUZZY-OCRA (Fuzzy OCRA — Fuzzy extension of OCRA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2000
decision making

FUZZY-PROMETHEE

FUZZY-PROMETHEE (Fuzzy PROMETHEE — Fuzzy extension of PROMETHEE) is a outranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Goumas, M., Lygerou, V. in 1986 crisp; 2000 variant applicator. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn1986
decision making

FUZZY-PSI

FUZZY-PSI (Fuzzy PSI — Fuzzy extension of PSI) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2000
decision making

FUZZY-RAFSI

FUZZY-RAFSI (Fuzzy RAFSI — Fuzzy extension of RAFSI) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2000
decision making

FUZZY-RAWEC

FUZZY-RAWEC (Fuzzy RAWEC — Fuzzy extension of RAWEC) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2000
decision making

FUZZY-ROV

FUZZY-ROV (Fuzzy ROV — Fuzzy extension of ROV) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2000
decision making

FUZZY-SAW

FUZZY-SAW (Fuzzy SAW (Bonissone 1982) - L-R trapezoidal Simple Additive Weighting) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Bonissone, P. P. in 1982. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn1982
decision making

FUZZY-SIWEC

FUZZY-SIWEC (Fuzzy SIWEC — Fuzzy Simple Weight Calculation (F-SIWEC)) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Puška, A. Nedeljković, M. Pamučar, D. Božanić, D. Simić, V. in 2024. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproduci

1 nguồn2024
decision making

FUZZY-SPOTIS

FUZZY-SPOTIS (Fuzzy SPOTIS — Fuzzy extension of SPOTIS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Shekhovtsov, A., Paradowski, B., Więckowski, J., Kizielewicz, B., Sałabun, W. in 2022. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible re

1 nguồn2022
decision making

FUZZY-TODIM

FUZZY-TODIM (Fuzzy TODIM — Fuzzy extension of TODIM) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2000
decision making

FUZZY-TOPSIS

FUZZY-TOPSIS (Fuzzy TOPSIS (Chen-Hwang 1992) — Trapezoidal fuzzy TOPSIS with Zadeh sup-min similarity distance) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, S.-J., Hwang, C.-L. in 1992. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducibl

1 nguồn1992
decision making

FUZZY-TOPSIS-CHEN2000

FUZZY-TOPSIS-CHEN2000 (Fuzzy TOPSIS (Chen 2000) — TOPSIS extension for group decision-making under fuzzy environment with triangular fuzzy numbers) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C.-T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a s

1 nguồn2000
decision making

FUZZY-VIKOR

FUZZY-VIKOR (Fuzzy VIKOR — Fuzzy extension of VIKOR) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Opricovic, S. in 2011. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2011
decision making

FUZZY-WASPAS

FUZZY-WASPAS (Fuzzy WASPAS — Fuzzy extension of WASPAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Turskis, Z., Zavadskas, E.K., Antucheviciene, J., Kosareva, N. in 2015. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2015
decision making

FUZZY-WISP

FUZZY-WISP (Fuzzy WISP — Fuzzy extension of WISP) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Chen, C. T. in 2000. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2000
decision making

FUZZY-WPM

FUZZY-WPM (Fuzzy WPM (Kahraman-Birgun-Yenen 2008) - Triangular Fuzzy Weighted Product) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Kahraman, C., Birgun, S., Yenen, V. Z. in 2008. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2008
gerontology

GAI

The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) is a 20-item self-report questionnaire developed by Pachana and colleagues in 2007 to assess anxiety symptoms specifically in older adults. Designed to address the limitations of general anxiety scales in detecting anxiety in older populations—where anxiety may present atypically o

3 nguồn2007
game theory

Gale-Shapley Algorithm

The Gale-Shapley algorithm solves the stable marriage problem: how to match two groups (e.g., medical residents to hospitals, students to schools) such that no pair prefers each other to their assigned partners. Introduced by David Gale and Lloyd Shapley in 1962, the algorithm guarantees a stable matching in polynomial

2 nguồn1962
otolaryngology

GBI

The Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) is an 18-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure change in health status and general well-being resulting from otolaryngologic intervention (surgery, medical treatment). Unlike generic health-related quality-of-life measures, the GBI is disease-specific, asking patients to

1 nguồn1996
optimization

Genetic Algorithm

A genetic algorithm (GA) is a population-based metaheuristic optimization method introduced by John Henry Holland (1975) that mimics the principles of natural selection. It maintains a population of candidate solutions and iteratively improves them through selection, crossover, and mutation operators, making it especia

2 nguồn1975
decision making

GINI-WEIGHT

GINI-WEIGHT (Gini Coefficient Weighting — inequality-of-discrimination objective weighting) is a weight objective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Gini, C. in 1912. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn1912
soft computing

GM(1,1) Grey Forecasting

GM(1,1) is the core forecasting model of grey system theory, introduced by Julong Deng in 1982, designed to predict from very few observations and incomplete information — situations where classical time-series models like ARIMA need far more data. It accumulates the raw series to expose a hidden exponential trend, fit

2 nguồn1982
decision making

GOAL-PROGRAMMING

GOAL-PROGRAMMING (Goal Programming — Minimise deviations from multiple aspiration levels) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W. in 1955. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn1955
palliative care

Good Death Inventory

The Good Death Inventory (GDI) is a 20-item self-report measure assessing the patient's and family's perception of whether the death was 'good'—characterized by pain control, peace, meaningful closure, preparation, maintenance of dignity, and a sense that life was lived fully. Developed by Ching and colleagues in Hong

2 nguồn2009
decision making

Gower Distance

Gower distance is a versatile metric for comparing observations with mixed variable types (continuous, ordinal, categorical, and binary). Introduced by John C. Gower in 1971, this similarity coefficient computes a general measure that ranges from 0 (completely dissimilar) to 1 (identical). It automatically scales varia

2 nguồn1971
decision making

GRA

GRA (Grey Relational Analysis) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Deng, J. L. in 1989. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn1989
soft computing

Granular Computing

Granular computing is a problem-solving paradigm that processes information in 'granules' — clumps of objects drawn together by indistinguishability, similarity, or functionality — rather than at the level of individual data points. Articulated by Lotfi Zadeh in 1997 as fuzzy information granulation and developed into

2 nguồn1997
soft computing

Grey Clustering

Grey Clustering is a classification method from grey systems theory that assigns objects to predefined grey classes using whitenization weight functions. Developed within the framework of Deng Julong's grey system theory and systematized by Sifeng Liu, it is particularly suited for situations involving small sample siz

1 nguồn2010
optimization

Grey Wolf Optimizer

The Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) is a swarm-intelligence metaheuristic introduced by Mirjalili, Mirjalili, and Lewis in 2014 that models the social hierarchy and cooperative hunting behaviour of grey wolves. A population of candidate solutions is divided into four leadership ranks — alpha, beta, delta, and omega — and the

2 nguồn2014
decision making

GREY-ARAS

GREY-ARAS (Grey-ARAS — Grey extension of ARAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zavadskas & Turskis in 2010. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2010
decision making

GREY-CODAS

GREY-CODAS (Grey-CODAS — Grey extension of CODAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Keshavarz Ghorabaee, M., Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., Antucheviciene, J. in 2016. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2016
decision making

GREY-COPRAS

GREY-COPRAS (Grey-COPRAS — Grey extension of COPRAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Zavadskas, E. K., Kaklauskas, A. in 1996. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn1996
decision making

GREY-EDAS

GREY-EDAS (Grey-EDAS — Grey extension of EDAS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Stanujkic, D., Zavadskas, E. K., Keshavarz Ghorabaee, M., Turskis, Z. in 2017. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2017
decision making

GREY-GRA

GREY-GRA (Grey-GRA — Grey extension of GRA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Deng, J. L. in 1989. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn1989
decision making

GREY-MABAC

GREY-MABAC (Grey-MABAC — Grey extension of MABAC) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Pamucar, D., Cirovic, G. in 2015. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2015
decision making

GREY-MARCOS

GREY-MARCOS (Grey-MARCOS — Grey extension of MARCOS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Stević, Ž., Pamučar, D., Puška, A., Chatterjee, P. in 2020. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2020
decision making

GREY-MOORA

GREY-MOORA (Grey-MOORA — Grey extension of MOORA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Stanujkic, D., Magdalinovic, N., Jovanovic, R., Stojanovic, S. in 2012. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2012
decision making

GREY-PROJECTION

GREY-PROJECTION (Grey-Projection — Grey extension of GRA) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Liu, S., Lin, Y. in 2013. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

1 nguồn2013
← 45 / 156 →