So sánh phương pháp

	Nghiên cứu tình huống đơn lẻ bằng gợi mở hình ảnh	Nghiên cứu Hành động Có sự tham gia (PAR)
Lĩnh vực	Định tính	Định tính
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	Photo elicitation established 1950s–1960s; integration with single case study consolidated 1990s–2000s	1940s (Lewin); PAR as distinct tradition formalised ~1970s–1980s
Người khởi xướng	Combination: Douglas Harper (visual/photo elicitation); Robert K. Yin (case study methodology)	Kurt Lewin (action research foundations, 1940s); systematised for participatory contexts by Orlando Fals Borda, Paulo Freire, and William Foote Whyte
Loại	Qualitative research design combining visual data elicitation with bounded single-case inquiry	Qualitative research method
Công trình gốc	Harper, D. (2002). Talking about pictures: A case for photo elicitation. Visual Studies, 17(1), 13–26.	Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The Action Research Planner: Doing Critical Participatory Action Research. Springer.
Tên gọi khác	photo-elicitation case study, image-based single case study, visual interview case study, VE-SCS	PAR, community-based participatory research, collaborative action research, participatory inquiry
Liên quan	5	6
Tóm tắt	Visual elicitation single case study is a qualitative design that embeds photo or image elicitation techniques within a bounded, in-depth investigation of a single case — a person, community, program, or event. Photographs, drawings, or participant-produced images are introduced into interviews to prompt richer, more vivid accounts than verbal questioning alone can generate, while the single case study frame provides the disciplined contextual analysis needed to understand the case as a whole.	Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a qualitative, community-centred methodology in which researchers and community members collaborate as co-investigators to identify a shared problem, take deliberate action, observe outcomes, and reflect critically on results — cycling iteratively until meaningful change is achieved. Unlike conventional research that studies people from the outside, PAR treats participants as active agents who co-own the research process, the knowledge produced, and the practical interventions that follow.