So sánh phương pháp

	Phỏng vấn phi cấu trúc	Dân tộc học	Lý thuyết Nền tảng
Lĩnh vực	Định tính	Định tính	Nghiên cứu định tính
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	Mid-20th century (Rogers ~1942; Spradley ~1979)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	1967
Người khởi xướng	Rooted in anthropological and sociological fieldwork traditions; systematised by James P. Spradley and Carl Rogers (non-directive counselling interview)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss
Loại	Qualitative research method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Method
Công trình gốc	Spradley, J. P. (1979). The Ethnographic Interview. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine.
Tên gọi khác	open-ended interview, non-directive interview, in-depth interview, conversational interview	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	GT, Grounded Theory Approach
Liên quan	6	5	3
Tóm tắt	An unstructured interview is a qualitative data-collection method in which the researcher enters the conversation with a broad topic or grand-tour question rather than a fixed questionnaire, allowing the participant to direct the flow and depth of the discussion. The approach prioritises the participant's own conceptual categories and narrative logic over the researcher's pre-formed agenda, making it especially powerful for exploratory inquiry into unfamiliar or complex social phenomena.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Grounded Theory (GT) is a systematic qualitative research methodology in which theory emerges directly from data through iterative analysis, rather than being imposed before data collection. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, GT prioritizes generating explanatory frameworks grounded in evidence.