So sánh phương pháp

	Thang đo động lực du lịch	Thang đo Giá trị Cảm nhận trong Du lịch
Lĩnh vực	Quản trị du lịch	Quản trị du lịch
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1979	1988
Người khởi xướng	Crompton, J. L.; Iso-Ahola, S. E.	Zeithaml, V. A.; Petrick, J. F.
Loại	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Công trình gốc	Plog, S. C. (1974). Why destination areas rise and fall in popularity. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 14(4), 55-58.	Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 2-22.
Tên gọi khác	TMS, Tourism Motivation Scale	PVST, Tourism Perceived Value
Liên quan	5	5
Tóm tắt	The Travel Motivation Scale (TMS) measures the underlying reasons and psychological drivers that prompt individuals to take vacations and choose specific destinations. Developed by Crompton (1979) and Iso-Ahola (1982), and theoretically grounded in push–pull motivation theory, the TMS operationalizes intrinsic motivations (escape from routine, self-discovery, social connection) and destination-specific attractions (beaches, cultural sites, activities). Understanding travel motivation is central to destination positioning, experience design, and visitor segmentation, as different motivational profiles require different marketing messages and service configurations.	The Perceived Value Scale for Tourism (PVST) measures visitors' judgments of whether tourism experiences deliver fair value—balancing perceived benefits (quality of experience, emotional satisfaction, novelty) against perceived costs (monetary price, time investment, effort). Rooted in Zeithaml's value perception theory (1988) and extended by Petrick (2002) to leisure contexts, the PVST operationalizes value as multidimensional (not price alone), capturing emotional and relative components alongside financial fairness. Value perception is a critical satisfaction driver and predictor of repeat visitation and word-of-mouth, particularly for experiences with high upfront investment and uncertain return.