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| Luồng giao thông (Mô hình LWR)× | Mô hình nước ngầm MODFLOW× | |
|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Kỹ thuật xây dựng | Kỹ thuật xây dựng |
| Họ | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 1955 | 1984 (original release); continuously updated through MODFLOW-6 (2017) |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | M. J. Lighthill and G. B. Whitham | Michael G. McDonald and Arlen W. Harbaugh (U.S. Geological Survey) |
| Loại≠ | Macroscopic traffic flow modeling using conservation laws | Numerical groundwater flow simulation |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Lighthill, M. J., & Whitham, G. B. (1955). On kinematic waves I. Flow movement in long rivers. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 229(1178), 281-316. DOI ↗ | Harbaugh, A. W. (2005). MODFLOW-2005, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model — the Ground-Water Flow Process. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A16. link ↗ |
| Tên gọi khác≠ | LWR model, Traffic wave, Kinematic wave theory | MODFLOW-2005, MODFLOW-6, modular groundwater flow model, USGS groundwater model |
| Liên quan≠ | 3 | 0 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | The Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model is a macroscopic traffic flow model that treats traffic as a compressible fluid, applying conservation of vehicles and a flow-density relationship. Introduced independently by Lighthill and Whitham (1955) and Richards (1956), the model predicts traffic wave propagation, congestion formation, and bottleneck behavior on highways. | MODFLOW is the U.S. Geological Survey's open-source, modular finite-difference model for simulating three-dimensional groundwater flow through porous media. First released in 1984 and continuously updated — most recently as MODFLOW-6 — it is the global standard for quantitative hydrogeological analysis, widely used in civil engineering, environmental consulting, water-resource management, and groundwater contamination studies. |
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