So sánh phương pháp

	Tổng bình phương nhỏ nhất tổng quát mạnh mẽ (Robust GLS)	Generalized Least Squares (GLS)	OLS mạnh mẽ (OLS với sai số chuẩn mạnh mẽ)
Lĩnh vực	Kinh tế lượng	Thống kê	Kinh tế lượng
Họ	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
Năm ra đời	1936 / 1980	1935	1980
Người khởi xướng	Aitken (GLS theory, 1936); White (robust covariance, 1980)	Alexander Craig Aitken	Halbert White
Loại	Robust linear regression	Linear estimator	Linear regression with robust inference
Công trình gốc	Greene, W. H. (2012). Econometric Analysis (7th ed.). Pearson. Chapter 9: The Generalized Regression Model and Heteroscedasticity. ISBN: 978-0131395381	Aitken, A. C. (1935). IV.—On least squares and linear combination of observations. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 55, 42–48.	White, H. (1980). A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica, 48(4), 817–838.
Tên gọi khác	robust generalized least squares, GLS with robust standard errors, heteroscedasticity-consistent GLS, HC-GLS	GLS, Aitken estimator, EGLS, feasible GLS	HC robust regression, White robust OLS, sandwich estimator OLS, OLS with robust standard errors
Liên quan	5	3	6
Tóm tắt	Robust GLS extends classical Generalized Least Squares by pairing GLS coefficient estimation with heteroscedasticity- and autocorrelation-consistent (HAC) standard errors, or by using M-estimation within the GLS framework. It corrects for non-spherical errors — heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, or both — while also guarding inference against misspecification of the error covariance structure.	Generalized Least Squares (GLS) is a linear regression estimator that extends ordinary least squares to handle situations where the error terms are correlated or have non-constant variance (heteroscedasticity). Introduced by Alexander Craig Aitken in 1935, GLS achieves the Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE) under a general error covariance structure by weighting observations according to their precision, providing a theoretical bridge between OLS and modern linear mixed models.	Robust OLS applies ordinary least squares to estimate coefficients and then replaces the classical standard errors with heteroscedasticity-consistent (HC) standard errors — commonly called White standard errors. This leaves the point estimates unchanged while yielding valid t-statistics and confidence intervals even when the error variance is not constant across observations.