So sánh phương pháp

	Mô hình Địa hình Rủi ro	Phân tích liên kết tội phạm
Lĩnh vực	Pháp y	Pháp y
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2011	2002
Người khởi xướng	Joel Caplan	Craig Bennell
Loại	Geographic information systems and crime science method	Crime science and offender profiling method
Công trình gốc	Caplan, J. M., Kennedy, L. W., & Miller, J. (2011). Risk terrain modeling: Brokering criminological theory and GIS methods for crime forecasting. Journal of Research and Practice in Criminal Justice, 17(1), 56-69.	Bennell, C., Canter, D. V., & Alison, L. J. (2002). Linking commercial burglaries by modus operandi: Tests using regression and ROC analysis. Science and Justice, 42(3), 153-164.
Tên gọi khác	environmental criminology, RTM analysis, crime risk mapping	case linkage, offender linking, serial crime attribution
Liên quan	3	3
Tóm tắt	Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) is a geospatial crime prediction method that identifies high-risk locations by analyzing environmental and geographic features that attract or facilitate crime. Developed by Joel Caplan, Lichen Kennedy, and James Miller in 2011, RTM bridges environmental criminology theory with geographic information systems (GIS) to create predictive risk maps. Unlike methods that predict offender location (e.g., geographic profiling), RTM predicts where crimes are likely to occur based on terrain characteristics, infrastructure, and social environmental factors.	Crime linkage analysis is a forensic method that determines whether a series of crimes were committed by the same offender based on behavioral and modus operandi (MO) similarities. Developed systematically by Craig Bennell and colleagues in the early 2000s, crime linkage applies statistical and similarity-matching techniques to establish offender attribution. The method is essential in serial crime investigation, where establishing linkage enables consolidation of investigation resources, geographic profiling, and offender-focused surveillance.