So sánh phương pháp

	Thang đo Khả năng phục hồi Connor-Davidson	Thang đo Năng lực Tự thân Tổng quát	Thang đo mức độ gắn kết trong công việc Utrecht
Lĩnh vực	Tâm lý học xã hội	Tâm lý học xã hội	Tâm lý học xã hội
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2003	1995	2002
Người khởi xướng	Kathryn Connor and Jonathan Davidson	Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem	Wilmar Schaufeli, Arnold Bakker, and Marisa Salanova
Loại	Psychological resilience and stress coping measure	Generalized self-efficacy and coping capacity measure	Occupational well-being and engagement scale
Công trình gốc	Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82.	Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized Self-Efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), Measures in health psychology: A user's portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35–37). NFER-Nelson. ISBN: 978-0700522286	Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92.
Tên gọi khác	CD-RISC, Connor-Davidson Scale, Resilience Scale	GSE, Schwarzer Self-Efficacy, General Self-Efficacy	UWES, Work Engagement Scale, Schaufeli Work Engagement
Liên quan	3	3	3
Tóm tắt	The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is a 25-item self-report measure of psychological resilience—the capacity to cope with stress, adversity, and trauma while maintaining psychological functioning. Developed by Kathryn Connor and Jonathan Davidson in 2003, the CD-RISC operationalizes resilience as a multidimensional construct encompassing personal competence, trust in instincts, positive adaptation, and meaning-making. A brief 10-item version (CD-RISC-10) is also widely available. The scale has become standard in clinical research on trauma, anxiety, depression, and recovery from adversity.	The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) is a 10-item measure assessing beliefs in one's ability to handle difficult situations and to cope with challenges through adaptive effort. Developed by Ralf Schwarzer and Matthias Jerusalem in the mid-1990s, the GSE operationalizes self-efficacy as a generalized confidence in one's capacity to manage stressors across diverse situations, rather than task-specific confidence. The scale has become widely used in health psychology, occupational research, and studies examining resilience and adaptive coping.	The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) is a 17-item instrument measuring work engagement—a positive, fulfilling psychological state characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption in work. Developed by Wilmar Schaufeli and colleagues in 2002, the UWES operationalizes engagement as the positive antipode to burnout, reflecting energetic involvement, strong commitment, and deep focus in occupational tasks. The scale has become the standard measure for assessing work engagement in organizational research and occupational health.