So sánh phương pháp

	Thử nghiệm lâm sàng ngẫu nhiên có đối chứng tiến cứu	Giai đoạn III Thử nghiệm lâm sàng
Lĩnh vực	Dịch tễ học	Dịch tễ học
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1948 (landmark MRC streptomycin trial)	1962 (Kefauver-Harris Amendment formalised phased drug development)
Người khởi xướng	Austin Bradford Hill / Medical Research Council	FDA regulatory framework / ICH guidelines
Loại	Experimental / interventional study design	Confirmatory randomised controlled trial
Công trình gốc	Medical Research Council (1948). Streptomycin treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a Medical Research Council investigation. British Medical Journal, 2(4582), 769–782.	Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (5th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-3319185385
Tên gọi khác	Prospective RCT, randomized controlled trial, RCT, controlled clinical trial	Phase 3 trial, confirmatory trial, pivotal trial, Phase III RCT
Liên quan	5	6
Tóm tắt	A prospective randomized clinical trial (RCT) is an experimental study in which participants are assigned to intervention or control groups by chance before any outcomes are observed, then followed forward in time. Random allocation eliminates systematic selection bias, making this design the gold standard for establishing causal efficacy of treatments in medicine and clinical research.	A Phase III clinical trial is a large-scale, confirmatory randomised controlled trial designed to establish the efficacy and safety of an intervention in the target patient population before regulatory submission. It builds on the signal identified in Phase II, tests the intervention at its proposed dose under controlled conditions, and provides the primary evidence base for marketing authorisation or guideline adoption.