So sánh phương pháp

	Phân tích hậu thuộc địa	Nghiên cứu hành động	Phân tích diễn ngôn	Dân tộc học
Lĩnh vực	Định tính	Nghiên cứu định tính	Nghiên cứu định tính	Định tính
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	Late 20th century (Said 1978; Spivak 1988; Bhabha 1994)	1946	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
Người khởi xướng	Edward Said, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Homi K. Bhabha	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
Loại	Qualitative research method	Method	Method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
Công trình gốc	Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. Pantheon Books. ISBN: 978-0394428147	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
Tên gọi khác	postcolonial criticism, postcolonial theory, colonial discourse analysis, decolonial analysis	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
Liên quan	6	1	2	5
Tóm tắt	Postcolonial analysis is a qualitative research approach that critically examines the lasting cultural, political, epistemic, and social effects of colonialism and imperialism. Drawing on foundational works by Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, and Homi Bhabha, it interrogates how colonial power relations are reproduced in texts, institutions, identities, and knowledge systems — and how colonised or marginalised voices can be recovered, amplified, and centred.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.